Blood tests and lab analysis is a big part of who we are as humans. The natural parts of our bodies (which are the origins of our problems) are so important that we need to know all the details about them. For example, how often we get infections, how long our blood will clot, and what diseases we have.
Blood tests and lab analysis are at the core of medical science. They help doctors make decisions about treatment and give patients peace of mind about their health. Sometimes these tests can be a mystery, though, and doctors often don’t know enough about them to explain what they mean. Here we’ll take a look at what blood tests and lab analysis are, how they work, and what they measure.
Blood tests and lab analysis can be very confusing and intimidating. The purpose of this blog is to demystify them and make you understand the functions of your blood tests and lab analysis. This blog will also contain reference materials that you may need to better understand your blood tests and lab analysis.
Of course, blood testing may reveal what’s in our bodies. (And, as a result, what is in our bodies.) Blood provides us with information that we would not be able to see from the outside.
This page describes how it works and what you should know about it.
What is the purpose of a blood test?
The body’s transportation mechanism is blood. We carry a lot of stuff in the 5 litres of blood that continuously circulates through our bodies.
Blood tests, often known as blood tests, may reveal what is in our bodies by revealing what is in our blood. Blood may also reveal changes in our bodies that aren’t visible to the naked eye, such as blood sugar levels or nutritional condition.
As a result, we may utilize blood tests to evaluate our general health, and they can provide a far more accurate and objective picture of how we feel than “I believe I ate veggies yesterday” or “I’m overweight today.”
What is the procedure for a blood test?
Blood is sent to us for examination from:
- Puncture of the capillaries in the skin (stem)
- Samples of dried blood
- Taking blood from an artery is a common procedure.
- Taking blood from a vein is a procedure that involves drawing blood from a vein (most common)
- Aspiration of bone marrow
What happens to the blood after it’s been drawn?
In a laboratory, the blood is examined. The blood is placed in a centrifuge and spun until the blood separates.
Ranges of reference
The findings are then compared to a reference range by the technicians. For each of the following tests, the reference interval represents the range of anticipated values.
In laboratory testing, the waiting ranges encompass 95% of the healthy population. As a result, laboratory results will be within these limits in 95 percent of healthy individuals. The range varies depending on the laboratory, the location (e.g., the United States or the European Union), and the kind of blood component.
A number that is either above or below this reference range may provide important diagnostic information about the body’s systems. When compared to other symptoms, lifestyle variables, and testing, high and low scores are particularly helpful.
Differences in results and regions
Each person’s laboratory results are unique, and they should be weighed against other variables. Despite the fact that the reference ranges were developed after evaluating a vast number of healthy individuals, everyone is unique.
Blood tests differ from one individual to the next:
- Season of the year
- Posture/Position
- Absorption/supply of fluid
- Stress
- Medications and supplements
- Alcohol
- Smoking
- Physical activity/exercise
- Tests in general
Tests on the blood:
Examining the basics
SMAC-20, SMA-20, or Chem-20 is the name of the complete test that your doctor ordered.
This basic test examines 20 distinct blood components, including the levels of minerals, proteins, and other substances. Although it does not provide a complete picture of a person’s entire health profile, this test is routine and should be performed.
You may request a variety of blood tests in addition to the basic SMAC-20. Some of the most helpful tests are listed here.
Cardiovascular examinations
| Test | What exactly is it? | Serve with a garnish of | Below is a list of |
| Cholesterol total | Cholesterol is required for the formation of brain and nerve cells, as well as the production of many hormones. Cardiovascular disease is linked to high blood levels (CVD). According to some specialists, keeping this level below 150 mg/dl makes you more resistant to heart attacks. | Cholestasis, nephritic syndrome, chronic renal failure, hypothyroidism, alcoholism, a high-cholesterol, high-fat diet, obesity, and pregnancy are all conditions that may cause cholestasis. | Hyperthyroidism, poor diet, certain lung problems, hot months, sedentary lifestyle (as opposed to standing), some medicines, estrogen, and myeloproliferative diseases (e.g., polycythemia vera, thrombocytosis, myelofibrosis, chronic myeloid leukemia). |
| Lipoproteins with low density (LDL) | This substance carries cholesterol from the liver to the cells of the body. LDL levels that are small and dense are significantly linked to cardiovascular disease. | Hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, multiple myeloma, liver blockage, anorexia nervosa, diabetes, renal failure, porphyria, pregnancy, androgen usage are among conditions that may be caused by overeating. | Tangier illness, hyperthyroidism, anemia, Reye’s syndrome, inflammatory joint disease, and estrogen usage are all conditions that may lead to Tangier disease. |
| Apoplipoproteins A and B are two types of apoplipoproteins. | They are lipoprotein particle surface proteins. HDL’s major component is apo A. The major component of LDL is apo B. | Apo A : Insignificant. Diabetes, hypothyroidism, renal failure, liver failure, and Cushing’s syndrome are all symptoms of Apo B. | Diabetes, renal failure, a high-polyunsaturated-fat diet, smoking, certain medications, and hereditary disorders are all examples of Apo A. Apo B : A poor diet, a plant-based diet, a polyunsaturated fat-rich diet, some medicines, and hereditary disorders. |
| Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) is a kind of lipoprotein. | This is a different kind of cholesterol sub-fraction. High levels of this chemical have been linked to the onset of cardiovascular disease early in life. | Renal insufficiency/disease, estrogen deficiency, hypothyroidism, diabetes, postmenopausal women, African-American race | Niacin may cause levels to be somewhat lower. |
| Lipoproteins with high density (HDL) | This substance is responsible for transporting cholesterol from the cells to the liver. The PAP levels and CVD have a significant relationship. Total cholesterol to HDL ratio is thought to be a stronger predictor of heart disease than total cholesterol or LDL. For males, a ratio of 5:1 or less is the goal; for women, a ratio of 4.4:1 is the goal. For males, the ideal ratio is 3.5:1, while for women, it is 3.4:1. | Over the years, I’ve done a lot of exercise, consumed a lot of estrogen, and drank very little alcohol. | Diabetes, cholestasis, renal failure, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, certain medicines, and insulin resistance are all conditions that may be caused by a sedentary lifestyle. |
| Triglycerides | The amount of fat in the blood tells you about your body’s capacity to digest fat. The LDL calculation is typically overstated when triglycerides are less than 100. The triglyceride-to-HDL ratio is probably the most accurate predictor of heart disease risk. More than a 4:1 ratio is reason for worry. The lens has a 2:1 ratio, which means that the smaller the lens, the better. | CVD, liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, renal disease, hypothyroidism, pregnancy, contraception, smoking, obesity, diabetes, gout, anorexia nervosa, recent fatty meal intake | Malnutrition, hyperthyroidism, some lung illnesses, intense activity, and thinness are among conditions that may cause malnutrition. |
| C-reactive protein is a kind of anti-inflammatory protein (CRP) | Ignition indicators are present at a low level. It may be used to predict CVD. | Inflammatory bowel disorders, arthritis, and autoimmune diseases all cause pain, fever, and infections. | Minor – this may suggest a reduction in inflammation. |
| Homocysteine | Amino acid generated during the production of cysteine from methionine and present in tiny quantities in the blood. It can only be expelled if the blood has enough B12, B6, and folic acid. High homocysteine levels are linked to cardiovascular disease. | Vitamin B12 insufficiency, vitamin B6 deficiency, genetics, old age, renal illness, male sex, and some medicines are all causes of folic acid shortage. | Unimportant. |
Tests of liver function
| Test | What exactly is it? | Serve with a garnish of | Below is a list of |
| Phosphatase alkaline | This enzyme is maintained and enters the circulation if the bile duct is obstructed (cholestasis). High readings suggest active bone development or inflammation owing to bone damage or repair, which may assist evaluate bone health. We have a liver issue if it is high together with GGT. | Young age, fatty liver, pregnancy, obstructive jaundice, liver illness, diabetes, alcohol use, fatty food intake, gallbladder disease, bone development, damaged bones, Paget’s disease, and vitamin D insufficiency are all factors to consider. | Unimportant. Celiac disease, malnutrition, scurvy, or magnesium/zinc insufficiency are all possibilities. |
| GGT | Liver enzymes that are cholestatic. This enzyme is maintained and enters the circulation if the bile duct is obstructed (cholestasis). The kidneys, as well as the liver and gallbladder, are evaluated. When alkaline phosphatase levels are high, this is helpful. | High alcohol intake, a variety of liver disorders, stress, extra body fat, exercise, and certain medicines are all factors to consider. If your GGT and alkaline phosphatase levels are high, you most likely have liver disease. | It’s most likely bone disease if GGT is low and alkaline phosphatase is high (not liver disease). A low GGT number is insignificant else. |
| ACT/CST | A metabolically active enzyme found mostly in the liver, heart, and muscles. | Damage to the liver, heart, and muscles, as well as an increase in body fat, diabetes, mononucleosis, pregnancy, hypothyroidism, shock, and the use of certain medicines. | Dialysis, azotemia, and vitamin B6 deficiency |
| ALT/SHT | An enzyme found mostly in the liver. | Inflammation, excessive body fat, mononucleosis, certain medicines, heart attacks, aspirin, and hard physical labor are all caused by alcohol. | Unimportant. |
| Bilirubin | It’s a natural by-product of the yellow liquid metabolism in the destruction of red blood cells, which the liver must break down. | Bile duct obstruction, cancer, liver illness, a high rate of erythrocyte breakdown, extended fasting, anorexia nervosa, niacin intake, and certain types of anemia: Bilirubin levels may be reduced by exposing a blood sample to sunshine for one hour. | It’s uncommon and unimportant. Pay attention: Foods rich in orange (carrots, sweet potatoes) may make the serum seem yellower and cause bilirubin levels to rise erroneously when measured with a spectrophotometer. |
| Ammonia | Protein metabolism’s final output. Normally, the liver excretes ammonia and converts it to urea via the portal vein circulation. The amount of this chemical in the blood has a big impact on the acid-base balance and how well the brain works. | Reye’s syndrome, liver illness, intestinal hemorrhage, renal disease, congenital metabolic abnormalities, high protein consumption, certain medications, intense exercise, smoking, alcohol, constipation, and intestinal infections are only a few of the conditions that may cause intestinal infections. | Unimportant. |
Tests of renal function
| Test | What exactly is it? | Serve with a garnish of | Below is a list of |
| Creatinine | It’s a waste product of muscle metabolism that the kidneys must filter. Because creatine is converted to creatinine in the muscles, someone who has a lot of muscle will have a lot of creatine and potentially higher creatinine levels. The capacity to eliminate creatinine is decreased when renal function is compromised. | Renal impairment (high BUN), urinary tract blockage, muscular illness, shock, heart failure, dehydration, rhabdomyolysis, meaty diet, and hyperthyroidism are all possible causes of hyperthyroidism. | Reduced muscle mass, inadequate protein consumption, and pregnancy are all factors that contribute to a loss of muscle mass. Low levels aren’t usually reason for alarm. |
| BUNCH (blood urea nitrogen) | Urea is a byproduct of protein metabolism that the body excretes in urine, feces, and perspiration. Because filtration in the kidneys has not kept pace with excretion, BUN is an indication of renal function. | Various kidney diseases, heart failure, urinary tract obstruction, intestinal bleeding, diabetes with ketoacidosis, steroid use, circulatory disorders, high animal protein consumption, heavy physical exertion, sweating depletion of salt or water reserves, diarrhea, and vomiting are among the causes of ketoacidosis. | Malnutrition, pregnancy, liver failure, acromegaly, celiac disease, antidiuretic hormone deficiency syndrome (ADHS), and antidiuretic hormone deficiency syndrome (ADHS). |
| UNB/creatinine ratio | This provides additional details regarding potential renal issues. | Salt shortage, dehydration, heart failure, catabolic conditions, intestinal hemorrhage, and excessive animal protein intake all cause a high ratio with normal creatinine. The following situations result in a high creatinine ratio: Obstruction of the urinary system, ketoacidosis, and prerenal azotemia are all symptoms of ketoacidosis. | Tubular necrosis, starvation, dialysis, SIADH, and pregnancy all cause a reduced ratio with a lower BUN. In the following situations, a lower ratio is associated with a higher creatinine level: Rhabdomyolysis, some medications, and muscular individuals who suffer renal failure. |
Thyroid examination
| Test | What exactly is it? | Serve with a garnish of | Below is a list of |
| TSH | The thyroid gland has a large hormone storage capacity and a sluggish turnover rate. The pituitary gland secretes TSH, which promotes thyroid function and results in the production of T3 and T4. TSH production is influenced by T3 and T4 (feedback inhibition) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (secreted by the hypothalamus). The most sensitive test for detecting primary hypothyroidism is this one. | Hypothyroidism, advanced age, and amphetamine abuse are all factors. | Hyperthyroidism, corticosteroid usage, and an overabundance of thyroid replacement medications. TSH levels tend to drop towards the end of the day. |
| T3 is available for free (triiodothyronine) | The percentage of T3 in the blood that is unbound. | T3 toxicity, hyperthyroidism, and high altitude | Late pregnancy, hypothyroidism |
| Total T3 (triiodothyronine) | T3 has three iodine atoms and has a stronger metabolic impact than T4, although it is only temporary. T3 toxicity and hyperthyroidism may both be diagnosed with this test. Not appropriate for hypothyroidism diagnosis. | Iodine insufficiency, hyperthyroidism, T3 toxicosis, thyroid medication usage, heroin use, estrogen use, pregnancy goitre. | Hypothyroidism, anabolic steroids, aspirin, niacin, hunger, and malnutrition are all causes of malnutrition. |
| T4 is available for free (thyroxine) | T4 is just a tiny portion of the total. T4 that is unbound and accessible to the tissues is known as free T4. It has a high metabolic rate. | Hyperthyroidism, heparin usage, and T4 treatment for hypothyroidism | Hypothyroidism, chronic illnesses, and pregnancy are all examples of hypothyroidism. |
| T4 total (thyroxine) | T4 has four iodine atoms linked to it. This test determines the entire quantity of T4 in the cells, including T4 bound to carrier proteins and free T4. T4 that has been bound is inactive. | Hepatitis, lymphoma, heroin usage, excessive iodine use, hyperthyroidism, high estrogen levels owing to pregnancy, contraception, estrogen replacement, hepatitis, lymphoma, hepatitis, lymphoma, hepatitis, lymphoma, hepatitis, lymphoma, hepatitis | Steroid usage, liver illness, hypothyroidism, aspirin, and nephritic syndrome are all factors to consider. |
| T3 rT3 (reversed T3) | When the body is stressed, T4 may be converted to rT3 (reverse T3), which is a dormant version of T3. rT3 may bind to T3 receptors and inhibit the action of genuine T3. This may cause the body’s energy levels to drop. T3 and rT3 are inversely proportional, with one being greater than the other. Wilson’s syndrome may be indicated by the results of the rT3 test. |
Reproductive function tests
| Test | What exactly is it? | Serve with a garnish of | Below is a list of |
| Testosterone | Male secondary sexual traits and desire are developed by this gene (in men and women). The testes, ovaries, and adrenal glands all produce this hormone. In both free and bound forms, it may be found in blood serum. Testosterone that is active is unbound. The levels fluctuate throughout the day, with a high in the early morning hours. | Testicular cancer is linked to anabolic steroid usage in males. Hyperthyroidism, adrenal tumors, androgen resistance, ovarian tumors, hirsutism, polycystic ovaries, certain medications, virilization, ileal tumors are some of the conditions that affect women. | For men: hypogonadism, Klinefelter’s syndrome, hypopituitarism, liver disease, certain medications, Down syndrome, advanced age, alcohol abuse, certain medications; for women: hypogonadism, Klinefelter’s syndrome, hypopituitarism, liver disease, certain medications; for children: hypogonadism, Klinefelter’s syndrome, hypo Menopause and ovarian failure are two conditions that affect women. |
| IGF-1 | In reaction to growth hormone, the liver and muscles generate a growth factor. IGF-1 may be used to evaluate pituitary function and identify growth hormone production issues. | Puberty, pregnancy, pituitary tumors, and obesity are all linked to increased growth hormone production. | Anorexia nervosa, starvation, diabetes, renal and liver illness, and excessive estrogen dosages are all factors that may cause growth hormone deficit or insensitivity. |
| Hormone of growth (GH) | Exercise, deep sleep, hypoglycemia, glucagon, insulin, and vasopressin all cause the pituitary gland to release this hormone. Growth and metabolism are both dependent on GH. | Gigantism, acromegaly, uncontrolled diabetes, malnutrition, anorexia nervosa, and athletics are some of the conditions that may occur. | Dwarfism, hypopituitarism, obesity, poor diet, certain medications/supplements, and stress are all symptoms of hypopituitarism. |
| DHEA/DHEAs | Androgen that may be converted to testosterone or estrogen when digested. Adrenal glands produce it, although it may also be produced by the testes and ovaries. The pituitary gland’s ACTH regulates this. | PCOS, puberty, and adrenal tumors | Pituitary dysfunction, as well as adrenal dysfunction. |
| Estradiol | An essential estrogen that aids in the development of sexuality. It’s made mostly in the ovaries, but it’s also made in the adrenal glands and the testes. In menstrual women, the value fluctuates. It’s useful for figuring out what’s causing your amenorrhea. | Ovarian tumor, puberty, gynecomastia | Turner syndrome, failing ovaries, fast weight loss, low body fat, anorexia nervosa, and starvation are all conditions associated with Turner syndrome. |
| Public Service Announcement (for men) | Men over the age of 40 should get their prostates screened. PSA is a hormone that is generated by the prostate gland. The presence of a normal PSA level does not rule out the possibility of prostate cancer. This laboratory is only able to identify around 25% of prostate tumors. | Prostate cancer and enlargement are both symptoms of prostate cancer. | Unimportant. |
Test for carbohydrate tolerance
| Test | What exactly is it? | Serve with a garnish of | Below is a list of |
| Insulin secretion in a fasting state | Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas in reaction to an increase in blood sugar, which occurs most often after a meal. | Type 2 diabetes, acromegaly, Cushing’s syndrome, obesity (the most frequent cause), diabetic medicines, and contraceptives are all causes of pancreatic tumors. | Hypopituitarism, type 1 diabetes, and diabetes medicines |
| Glucose levels during a fast | Sugar levels in the blood. When a person hasn’t fasted, high readings are seen. Insulin resistance is also indicated by extremely high fasting blood sugar levels. Diabetes is diagnosed when your fasting blood sugar level is more than 126 mg/dl. | Diabetes, Cushing’s illness, stress, acromegaly, pituitary adenoma, hemochromatosis, pancreatitis, glucagonoma, liver disease, renal disease, vitamin B insufficiency, pregnancy, catabolic steroids, diuretics, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol, aspirin, smoking | Insulinoma, Addison’s disease, ACTH insufficiency, hunger, liver illness, enzyme deficit, reactive hypoglycemia, exercise, anabolic steroids, paracetamol, and a high hematocrit are all causes of reactive hypoglycemia. |
Statistical testing on proteins
| Test | What exactly is it? | Serve with a garnish of | Below is a list of |
| Albumin and globulin are two types of proteins. | These are proteins that are made in the liver and then circulated throughout the body. They can be used to evaluate overall health and nutrition. Globulin is a disease-fighting protein. Albumin is a protein that makes up approximately two-thirds of the body’s total protein composition and helps blood vessels retain water. | Dehydration due to albumin. Severe liver illness, infectious disease, blood disease, autoimmune disease, TB, and multiple myeloma are all examples of globulin. | Malnutrition, dehydration, liver and renal illness, bone fractures, severe trauma, inflammation, infection, Crohn’s disease, heart failure, thyroid problems, slow bleeding, pregnancy, bed rest, and some medicines are all examples of albumin. Excessive dehydration and malnutrition. |
Tests for vitamins, minerals, and acid-base balance
| Test | What exactly is it? | Serve with a garnish of | Below is a list of |
| 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is a kind of vitamin D. | Vitamin D production in the body as a result of sun exposure, food, and supplementation. 15 days is the half-life. This lab may assist in the detection of bone problems. Low levels have been linked to immunological problems, cardiovascular disease, and some malignancies. | Excessive use of dietary supplements or food items. | Dietary deficiencies are a problem. |
| 1,25(OH)2D | Because vitamin D has a short half-life of about 15 hours and blood levels are extensively controlled by hormones and minerals, this test is not a reliable indication of vitamin D status. Only with severe vitamin D insufficiency does the level of 1,25(OH)2D begin to fall. | ||
| Vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) | Pernicious anemia factor is another name for this substance. It is required for the creation of red blood cells, tissue healing, DNA synthesis, and the development of the neurological system. | Leukemia, renal failure, liver illness, polycythemia vera, heart failure, diabetes, obesity, COPD, and a high use of dietary supplements are all conditions that may lead to death. | Ulcer anemia, inflammatory bowel diseases, tapeworms, hypothyroidism, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, bacterial overgrowth, malnutrition, malabsorption, increased losses, aging, smoking, alcohol consumption, pregnancy, contraception, and high doses of vitamin A and C supplements are all factors to consider. |
| Folic acid is a kind of vitamin B that is found | Normal cell function requires the presence of this protein. Bacteria in the stomach create it, and it builds up in the liver. Green leafy vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds, whole grains, legumes, and eggs all contain it. In instances of vitamin B12 insufficiency, folic acid levels in the blood may be high. | Bacterial overgrowth, overfeeding, and vitamin B12 deficiency are all possible causes. | Anticonvulsants, antimalarials, antacids, contraceptives, dietary insufficiency, malabsorption, pregnancy, hypothyroidism, megaloblastic anemia, liver disease, celiac disease, vitamin B6 deficiency, cancer, inflammatory bowel illness |
| Phosphorus and calcium | The parathyroid gland, kidneys, and vitamin D all have a role in regulating both in the body. Blood and bone illnesses, renal disease, hormone imbalance, digestive issues, and excessive vitamin C intake may all affect the amount. | ||
| Sodium | Maintaining fluid balance and cell function requires the use of this electrolyte. Kidneys and adrenal glands are in charge of this. | Dehydration. | Vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, and fluid excess are all symptoms of fluid overload. |
| Potassium | An essential electrolyte for muscular function. Abnormal cardiac rhythms are linked to extremely low and very high levels. | Excessive intake of potassium-rich foods/supplements causes renal failure. | diuretics, diarrhoea, and vomiting all cause fluid loss. |
| Chloride | The kidneys and adrenal glands control electrolytes. High or low readings indicate a high or low sodium or potassium concentration, respectively. | ||
| Iron | This mineral is required by red blood cells and is the building block of hemoglobin. During the menstrual cycle, iron may be lost via the intestines and urine system. Dietary iron replacement is required. After menopause, both men and women lose very little iron. Alcohol, estrogen, contraception, antibiotics, aspirin, and testosterone may all alter iron blood test results. The intensity changes depending on the time of day. | Hemolytic anemia, iron poisoning, iron overload syndromes, hemochromatosis, blood transfusions, overuse, liver damage, vitamin B6 insufficiency, lead poisoning, leukemia, and nephritis are all conditions that may be caused by excessive usage of iron. | Anemia caused by iron deficiency, blood loss, infections, pregnancy, the progesterone pill, pernicious anemia remission, inadequate iron intake, menstruation, starvation, and chronic inflammatory disorders |
| Transferrin | A transport protein that controls iron absorption and is mainly produced by the liver. | Pregnancy, iron deficiency anemia, and estrogen treatment | Microcytic anemia, protein deficiencies, infections, liver and renal disorders, and iron excess are all possible causes of microcytic anemia. |
| Iron Binding Capacity in Total (TIBC) | Transferrin has a correlation. And an iron test that does not include TIBC and transferrin is useless. | Hepatitis, iron deficiency, pregnancy, blood loss | Hemochromatosis, non-iron deficiency anemia, liver cirrhosis, renal illness, and hyperthyroidism are all examples of protein shortage. |
| Ferritin | It is the most accurate indication of the body’s total iron status since it reflects the body’s iron stores (next to bone marrow analysis). It may be a sign of inflammation if it’s high. | Inflammatory disorders, liver disease, leukemia, hyperthyroidism, renal disease, aging, and meat intake are all linked to iron excess. | Anemia due to a lack of iron. |
| CO2 is a gas that is produced by the | This shows the blood’s acidity. | Cushing’s syndrome, Conn’s syndrome, lung disease | Uncontrolled diabetes, renal illness, metabolic problems, persistent hyperventilation, Addison’s disease, diarrhea, and aspirin overdose can cause increased acidity. |
White blood cell analysis
| Test | What exactly is it? | Serve with a garnish of | Below is a list of |
| White blood cells are the cells that make up the blood (WBC) | They are available in a variety of forms and sizes. They are involved in the immune system’s reaction. They increase when the body is injured. Antibodies are produced, transferred, and distributed by white blood cells. The white blood cell count alone does not provide much information. | Acute infection, leukemia, tissue damage, malignancy, uremia, drug usage, hemorrhage, post-splenectomy, polycythemia vera, tissue necrosis, corticosteroid treatment (ACTH), day/night | Hypersplenism, bone marrow suppression, bone marrow diseases, pernicious anemia, AM watch, and incorrect blood collection are all examples of viral and bacterial infections (hemoconcentration). |
| Neutrophils | The most abundant white blood cells in the body that kill germs. | Bacterial infection, inflammation, metabolic intoxication, medications, bleeding, hemolytic anemia, myeloproliferative illness, malignancy, stress, delivery, menstruation, and steroid usage are some of the conditions that may occur. | Infections, medicines, anemia, chemotherapy, some pharmaceuticals, and temperature changes are all examples of stem cell abnormalities. |
| Bassophile | Involved in parasite infections and allergy reactions in certain people. | Hemolytic anemia, leukemia, Hodgkin’s disease, myeloproliferative diseases, hypothyroidism, influenza, polycythemia vera | Infection, hyperthyroidism, stress, steroids, chemotherapy, and radiation are all possible causes of cancer. |
| Eosinophils | Allergies and parasite infections are the most common causes. | Allergies, asthma, tapeworms, endocrine disorders, myeloproliferative disorders, infections, skin illnesses, gastrointestinal diseases, aspirin hypersensitivity, toxins, stress, and PM schedules are only some of the conditions that people suffer from. | Cushing’s syndrome, medicines, infections, and the early morning hours |
| Lymphocytes | Infections such as measles, chicken pox, and mononucleosis are linked to this virus. | Leukemia, mononucleosis, viral diseases, tuberculosis, Crohn’s disease, Addison’s disease, thyrotoxicosis, African-American race, exercise, stress, and menstruation are all things that come to mind when thinking about leukemia, mononucleosis, viral diseases, tuberculosis, Crohn’s disease, Addison’s disease, thyrotoxicosis, | Aplastic anemia, malignant tumors, immunological diseases, TB, renal failure, and heart failure are all conditions that may be treated with chemotherapy, radiation, and steroid medication. |
| Monocytes | Aids in the battle against severe infections. | Bacterial infection, TB, syphilis, leukemia, lymphomas, Gaucher’s disease, trauma, ulcerative colitis, thrush, and certain poisons are all examples of bacterial infections. | Hairy cell leukemia, HIV, and bone marrow destruction are all linked to prednisone. |
Testing of red blood cells
| Test | What exactly is it? | Serve with a garnish of | Below is a list of |
| Red blood cells are the cells that make up blood. | These are the blood’s most numerous cells. They carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells back to the lungs. They lack a nucleus, which enables hemoglobin, the oxygen-binding protein, to store more oxygen. Anemia is a condition in which the number of circulating red blood cells, the quantity of hemoglobin in the blood, or the volume of blood cells decreases (hematocrit). | Polycythemia vera, renal illness, tumors, high altitude, cardiovascular disease and dehydration, pregnancy, and certain medications are some of the conditions that may cause polycythemia vera. | Anemia, lymphoma, myeloproliferative diseases, haemorrhage, Addison’s illness, infection, laying down during blood collection, and old age are among conditions that may cause anemia. |
| Hemoglobin | The pigment that gives red blood cells their color. It’s necessary for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. | Polycythaemia vera, heart failure, COPD, pregnancy, recent blood transfusions, changes in fluid intake, high altitude, and intense activity are all possible causes of polycythaemia vera. | Anemia (iron deficiency, pernicious anemia, etc. ), liver illness, hypothyroidism, bleeding problems, medication responses, smoking, and a variety of other conditions |
| Hematocrit | The proportion of red blood cells in the total volume of blood. | Erythrocytosis, polycythemia vera, shock, altitude, pregnancy, and dehydration are all symptoms of erythrocytosis. | Anemia, leukemia, lymphoma, adrenal insufficiency, blood loss, and hemolytic responses are among conditions that may cause anemia. |
| The volume of the average corpuscle (MCV) | It may assist classify anemia by determining cell size. Disturbances in iron metabolism, hematogenous production, and globin synthesis are the most common causes of microcytic anemia. A lack of vitamin B12 or folate is the most common cause of macrocytic anemia. | ||
| The average concentration of haemoglobin in the corpuscles (MCHC) | The average hemoglobin concentration in red blood cells is measured. Aids in the management of anemia therapy. | Spherocytosis. | Blood loss due to iron shortage. |
| Haemoglobin concentration in the corpuscles (MCH) | The average weight of hemoglobin per red blood cell is measured. Aids in the diagnosis of individuals with severe anemia. MCH levels may be erroneously elevated by high blood lipid levels and a high white blood cell count. | ||
| Red blood cell size distribution width (RDW) | Indicates how much the size of red blood cells has changed. If you are not anemic, this test is worthless. Alcohol consumption may be used to sabotage this test. | Iron insufficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, and folic acid deficiency are all examples of deficiencies. | Unimportant. |
| Plaques | They are the tiniest of the blood’s constituent components. By generating clots and supporting vascular integrity, they aid in the prevention of bleeding. The mean platelet volume (MPV) may assist in the diagnosis of clotting problems. | Suffocation episodes, rheumatoid arthritis, infections, lymphoma, inflammatory bowel illness, renal failure, altitude, exercise, contraception, winter, plenty of enthusiasm | Infections, heart failure, thrombopoietin deficiency, chemotherapy, HIV, alcohol, renal failure, premenstruation, and pregnancy are all examples of ulcerative anemia. |
Various tests
| Test | What exactly is it? | Serve with a garnish of | Below is a list of |
| Cortisol | In the adrenal cortex, a glucocorticosteroid that regulates protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism. | Morning, hyperthyroidism, stress, cancer, Cushing’s syndrome, adrenal adenoma, obesity, pregnancy, and certain medicines are all things that come to mind. | Hypothyroidism, adrenal hyperplasia, Addison’s disease, pituitary gland damage |
| LDH | An enzyme that may be found in a variety of organs and tissues. This enzyme may enter the circulation when cells proliferate or membranes are broken. This number may be increased by anything that affects the blood sample (including improper handling of the blood sample). Following a heart attack, this was seen. | Anemia, liver illness, heart or lung attack, certain medicines, sports, skin problems, alcohol use, stroke, renal disease, liver disease | Minor complication that may occur after taking very high dosages of vitamin C. |
| Uric Acid | Purine metabolism’s final product. Plasma transports it from the liver to the kidneys, where it is filtered and mostly eliminated (70 percent ). What’s left makes its way to the gastrointestinal system, where it’s broken down. | Gout, renal illness, alcoholism, Down’s syndrome, lead poisoning, leukemia, lymphoma, weight loss, metabolic acidosis, liver disease, obesity, disordered thyroid/parathyroid function, psoriasis, glycogen disease, and animal-protein-rich diets | Wilson’s disease, Fanconi syndrome, SIADH, xanthinuria |
Accidents can occur during the collection of blood
- The results may be skewed if blood is taken from the arm after a tourniquet has been placed for many minutes because the cells are concentrated in the forearm.
- Red blood cells may be damaged if the needle used is too tiny, resulting in erroneous test findings.
- Infection may develop if the puncture site is not cleaned.
- You may suffer significant bruising at the collection site if you strain yourself excessively during the blood collection.
Conclusions and suggestions
For preventative health care, a yearly blood test at the doctor’s office is an excellent option. This enables you to keep track of patterns and spot possible health issues before they become serious.
A word of advice: If you wish to maintain track of your health over time, get a copy of your test results and store them away.
References
To view the sources of information used in this article, go here.
A step-by-step approach to medical testing. Health reference series, third edition, 2008.
F. Fischbach, F. Fischbach, F. Fischbach, F. Fischbach, F. Fischbach, F. Fischbach, F. Fischbach, F. Fischbach, F. Fischbach, F. Fischbach, F. Fischbach,
Online laboratory tests are available.
Mahan and Escott Stamp. Krause’s Food, Nutrition, & Diet Therapy. 2004. Elsevier.
Clinical efficacy of various lipid indicators for predicting coronary heart disease in men and women, Ingelsson E, et al. 2007+Aug 15;298(7):776-85 in JAMA.
Cholesterol levels to detect and treat individuals at risk of coronary heart disease, Natarajan S, et al. Am J Prev Med, vol. 25, no. 1, p. 50-7, 2003.
I. Lemieux et al. The total cholesterol/LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol/LDL cholesterol ratios as markers of coronary heart disease risk in men: The Quebec Cardiovascular Study. Arch Intern Med. 161(22):2685-92, 2001 +Dec 10-24.
Cholesterol and coronary heart disease: Risk prediction via values and connections. Kinosian B, et al. 1994 +Nov 1;121(9):641-7. Ann Intern Med. 1994 +Nov 1;121(9):641-7.
Understanding Cholesterol Screening’s Importance http://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/making-sense-of-cholesterol-tests
PL da Luz et al. A high triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol ratio indicates a greater risk of coronary heart disease. Clinics (in the city of So Paulo). 63(4):427-32, August 2008.
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Most people have a lot of questions about blood tests and lab analysis. What can it tell me, and what should I do about it? What are the risks, and what kinds of tests and tests should you have? How long do they take? How much does it cost?. Read more about what is tested in a full blood count and let us know what you think.
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The most common blood tests are the complete blood count, a complete metabolic panel, and a lipid profile.”}},{“@type”:”Question”,”name”:”What can be detected in a blood test?”,”acceptedAnswer”:{“@type”:”Answer”,”text”:”
Blood tests can detect diseases, infections, and other conditions.”}},{“@type”:”Question”,”name”:”What are the three main blood tests?”,”acceptedAnswer”:{“@type”:”Answer”,”text”:”
Hemoglobin, complete blood count, and platelet count.”}}]}
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the most common blood tests?
The most common blood tests are the complete blood count, a complete metabolic panel, and a lipid profile.
What can be detected in a blood test?
Blood tests can detect diseases, infections, and other conditions.
What are the three main blood tests?
Hemoglobin, complete blood count, and platelet count.
Related Tags
This article broadly covered the following related topics:
- what would show up in a blood test?
- what do they check for in a blood test at the hospital?
- blood test
- what can blood tests detect
- bad blood test results
